Components Of Composites As Engineering Materials - 751 Words

2. Usually stronger than the matrix, therefore it is sometimes called reinforcing phase. Composites as engineering materials normally refer to the material with the following characteristics: 1. These are artificially made (thus, excluding natural material such as wood). 2. These consist of at least two different species with a well-defined interface. 3. Their properties are influenced by the volume percentage of ingredients. 4. These have at least one property not possessed by the individual constituents. Performance of Composite depends on: 1. Properties of matrix and reinforcement, 2. Size and distribution of constituents, 3. Shape of constituents, 4. Nature of interface between constituents. 2.4 CLASSIFICATION OF COMPOSITES Composite materials are classified a. On the basis of matrix material, b. On the basis of filler material. 17 (a) On the basis of Matrix: 2.4.1 Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) Metal Matrix Composites are composed of a metallic matrix (aluminium, magnesium, iron, cobalt, copper) and a dispersed ceramic (oxides, carbides) or metallic (lead, tungsten, molybdenum) phase. 2.4.2 Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC) Ceramic Matrix Composites are composed of a ceramic matrix and embedded fibers of other ceramic material (dispersed phase). 2.4.3Polymer Matrix Composites (PMC) Polymer Matrix Composites are composed of a matrix from thermoset (Unsaturated polyester (UP), Epoxy) or thermoplastic (PVC,Show MoreRelatedSmart Materials1525 Words   |  7 PagesTECHNOLOGY† PRESENTED BY, SAHIL G. GOVINDWAR. . govindwar.sahil@gmail.com Contact No: 7709575108. BABASAHEB NAIK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT. PUSAD. . CONTENTS . Sr. No. | Title | Page No. | 1 | Abstract | 1 | 2 | Introduction | 1 | 3 | Classification | 2 | 4 | Advantages and Disadvantages | 4 | 5 | Applications | 5 | 6 | The future | 5 | 7Read MoreCritical Thrust Force Analysis Of Machining Of Gfrp With Coconut Fillers Using Jodrill1741 Words   |  7 PagesCoconut coir is abundantly available in India as a bio-waste. Naturally available coconut fibers in their original form have been used as fillers in glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Thrust force being an important parameter in drilling induced damage has been analyzed during drilling of the fabricated composites at four different spindle speeds and three feed rates. Thrust force generally reduced with increase in spindle speed but increased rapidly with feed. Stepped increase in thrust forceRead MoreThe Effect Of Scaffolds On Bone Tissue Engineering1165 Words   |  5 Pagesvital role in bone tissue engineering in order to repair, regenerate tissues by mimicking of natural bone extracellular matrixes. Considering that bone is a composite of minerals and proteins, it is preferred to develop a composite that mimics natural bone. The ideal nanocomposite ma terials should have biocompatibility, suitable mechanical and antimicrobial properties, nontoxicity and surface functionality to favor cell proliferation.1,2 Many organic-inorganic materials have been developed to mimicRead MoreMechanical Properties And Thermal Analysis1583 Words   |  7 Pages Composite structure is a combination of two or more different items that may be distinguished physically, resulting in a final product that has a better performance from each component individually done. It consists of matrix composite materials (polymer, metal or ceramic) and one or more stages of reinforcement (fibers, particles, flakes, or fillers). The combination of the different elements appropriately to achieve a system with structural or functional characteristics of the best that can beRead MoreCase Study : Bridge Based Management1460 Words   |  6 PagesDEFINITION This is a given guide for the upkeep and restoration of an extension stock by demonstrating various techniques by a given plan restrictions and the capacity to evaluating least plan prerequisites for plague level of administrations. [Engineering Management] Problems Associated With Bridges Development Accidents A substantial number of extensions falls as they`re been constructed, which may appear outlandish. Tragically history has that the most dangerous development mischances is amidRead MoreComposite Structure And Its Effect On Weight And Hardness Properties1623 Words   |  7 PagesWonder composite materials, with a power and universal lightweight relative to weight and hardness properties fell over most of the store of metals and alloys recently. Properties composite depends largely on the characteristics of its constituent materials, the distribution and the interaction between them. In general, filler is the main load bearing Members, while the matrix keeps them in the desired location and orientation, as pregnancy transfer means between the fillers and protects them fromRead MoreThe Role Of The Textile Design?1552 Words   |  7 Pagessubjective, visceral engagement with mate-rial and physical computing using tacit textiles expertise. This theoretical prem-ise is explored drawing o n the fields of soft robotics, organic user interfaces and transitive materials for the fabrication of a responsive textile composite. The research uses a range of theoretical references to support its concepts of design thinking and computational materiality and deploys the methodological process of autoethnography as a qualitative system for collectingRead MoreAluminium Metal Matrix Composites For Optimum Mechanical Properties955 Words   |  4 Pagesvdsaritabhutada@gmail.comComparative Study of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites for Optimum Mechanical Properties 1P.Kanagaraj , 2T. Ravi 1,2 Assistant Professor Mechanical Department 1,2 SVS College of Engineering , Coimbatore Email Id : kanaguhari@gmail.com, travisvsec@gmail.com ABSTRACT The recent study of metal matrix composite mainly deals with the aluminum based composites with the reinforcement of particulates of silicon carbide and aluminum based composites with the reinforcement of particulates of graphiteRead MoreApplications of Non-Destructive Testing971 Words   |  4 Pagesautomotive industry due to the specific needs of each component within the vehicle, along with the ability of the selected testing procedures to detect a defect. As such, the following represents the various sorts of NDT used in the automotive engineering community. 2.1 Ultrasonic Testing Ultrasonic testing is done by producing pulse-waves that are transmitted into materials in order to detect internal flaws or even to characterize the test material. The centre frequencies of the pulse-wave usually rangeRead MoreCarbon Fibre Composites : The Top Level Of Single Seater Motorsports1481 Words   |  6 PagesThese days, Carbon-Fibre Composites (CFCs) are synonymous with the top level of single-seater motorsports – Formula 1. But it wasn’t always this way. Formula 1 chassis design and manufacture has changed with the times. A chassis must be strong, stiff and light to be competitive and safe. As technology has progressed, Formula 1 has been quick to follow in the pursuit of speed and safety. This article explores the history of the Formula 1 chassis in order to understand why every F1 car in the last

Effects of Technology in Higher Education Essay Example

Essays on Effects of Technology in Higher Education Essay The paper "Effects of Technology in Higher Education" is an outstanding example of an essay on education. Modern technology has a significant impact on higher education globally. Advancement in technology has boosted the overall operations of a higher learning institution. It has improved the students’ learning experience. In addition, it has increased the accessibility of the higher learning institutions through the creation of websites known to the public. The introduction of the Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) and other online offerings has significantly benefited the operations, learning, and accessibility of the higher learning institutions (Forbes editors, 2012). Technology has enabled students to no longer to congest auditorium rooms for lectures. Through leveraging online platforms, students can now pre-record lectures and assess lectures anytime, anywhere, and as many times as they want. The institutions are now operating easily since learning platforms provide faculty with learner analytics (Scott, 2005). The institution’s faculty now has greater data on who is learning, what they are learning, and how they participate in the online lectures. MOOCs enable teaching part of a program online and the other part in person. The online course provides flexibility to working professionals and adult students because they can access course material as their schedule permits (Lytras Corti, 2012). The institutions are able to run several programs without inconveniencies. It is made possible because, through online learning, they can reach to their students both in Diaspora and on the campus. Integrated e-commerce in the college and university websites has enhanced accessibility to these institutions. Students can use the university website to contact and get news or updates. The online website also specifies the location of the higher learning institution, which enhances fast access. Therefore, modern technology has developed higher institutions. It has enhanced easier access, improved learning among students. Finally, it has enhanced the operations of higher learning institutions.

A Vision of Teaching Profession in 2025 Free Essays

TITLE: A VISION OF TEACHING PROFESSION IN 2025 Priyanka Joshi Junior Research Fellow (J. R. F) Dept. We will write a custom essay sample on A Vision of Teaching Profession in 2025 or any similar topic only for you Order Now of Education Panjab University, Chandigarh ABSTRACT KEYWORDS: Professionals, Modalities, continuous, latest trends, technology, mentors, rethink, updating, knowledge, knowledge explosion. We Lead, Care, Inspire For the future of the Nation passes through our hands as Teachers Technological changes in the era of modernization have significantly affected the role of teachers’ as professionals. As the future of education, rest on the competencies, professional growth and abilities of teachers as professionals so, it cannot be ignored. Related article: HR Map Explained According to Caroll and Resta (2010) teachers of today and tomorrow must be ready to facilitate learning in multiple modalities embracing; greater diversity of space, time, resources, media and methods for learning as well as the new 21st century environments which are synchronous and asynchronous, face to face and virtual. Further, Garoia(2012) referred that the present century has visioned so much of expectations from education which are so high that the teachers of today and tomorrow have to continuously rethink about their professional development. She further highlighted that this professional development is ought to be continuous in process because of; knowledge explosion and latest trends associated to methodology, technology, social and teacher networking. All these demands and requirements have posed a demand on teachers to assess, update, renew and modify themselves as mentors than teachers. The present paper will highlight; a) The teacher of today b) Changing role of the teacher in the present scenario c) Lifelong learning as renewal and updating of knowledge d) In-service growth and teachers †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Followed by conclusion and suggestions. * The Teacher of Today The teacher of today symbolizes himself to be professional in true sense because of the emerging concepts of criteria of appointments in schools colleges and universities. No more, the present century holds teaching as a profession by ‘chance’ but teaching as a ‘choice’. This scenario has placed an emphasis on the teachers to develop their potential, capacities in a way that no more they are called as a ‘simple’ but ‘effective’ in performance by performing a quite range of functions such as ; classroom management, teaching and learning strategies and how to implement them successfully with professional ethics, student learning and so on. These views were strengthened by Travers Reborc (2008) who professed that teacher professionalism extends beyond one’s ability to understand content. Here, the educator must discover if the students are being reached in an effective way. This calls for a profession which involves a lifelong career commitment and service to society. Teaching as a profession, no doubt is characterized by intellectual pursuits within a code of ethics and is highlighted by the making of independent professional judgements. But going by the present scenario, our country witness mass bunking from the classes, cheating, private tuitions and so on. To avoid this, this means that the teacher of today needs much more than just a mere subject expert. Further, through extensive training and professional development, they will incorporate in themselves lot of life skills which will not only enhance their performance but quality wise they will help them to grow to greater heights. * Changing Role of the Teacher in the Present Scenario The present scenario is characterized by the changing needs of the teacher which has pressurized him to change, reform and update according to the new teaching strategies, classroom practices and knowledge explosion. Let us have a look at the review how the role of the teachers has gradually changed:- * Koppic and Knapp (1998) highlighted that teacher can develop themselves with respect to practice if they focus on six dimensions narrated as; knowledge, professionalism, instruction, collaboration, agency and authority. He further added by saying that teachers to grow must make initiatives to make sense of new policies, ideas, programs and their own work. * According to Cohen Ball (1999) review of the federally funded research suggest that the teacher must be a researcher, educator and reformer. The research further highlighted that now is the time that he must understand when curriculum, instructional materials and assessments so that he can focus on the goal and prospects of educational improvement to be enhanced. * Thomson Zeuli (1999) advocated that if teachers want to see that their students work they must enable themselves to change so that they can make distinctive changes in teaching practice and student learning. They further concluded that the most effective teacher learning is to focus on instruction-as- interaction, rather than on isolated elements of instruction. Lieberman Miller (2000) described the new professional teacher as researchers, meaning-makers, scholars, and inventors. Also they further stated that teachers establish a firm professional identity through which they act as the role model by updating themselves through the lifelong learning . * Lifelong learning as renewal and updating of knowledge Professional development is a normal part of school c ulture. Professional development is required in order to maintain certification. School corporations mandate that teachers participate in staff development opportunities offered by the school district throughout the year. Teachers may also be expected to draft growth plans to give direction to their ongoing learning. Salary schedules also encourage teacher learning by offering higher salaries to individuals with more training, degrees or credits. Occasionally teachers are permitted to attend workshops and conferences outside the school system. Teachers are expected to grow as professionals and need to learn while they are teaching if students are to receive an optimal education. While schools do allocate limited funds and release time to professional development, a view of teachers as life-long learners is a perspective that is missing in most schools given the limited cope, quantity, and quality of professional development available to teachers. It is not uncommon to hear the phrases â€Å"life-long learning† or â€Å"life-long learner. †These terms adorn school mission and goal statements. Few people would malign the importance of developing life-long learners, but fewer suggest ways in which such an ideal may be accomplished. Such a goal need not remain illusory. It is crucial that schools and communities recognize the importance of developing teachers as life-long learners. It seems foolish to hope to engender life-long learning skills and attitudes in children without paying attention to those same skills and attitudes in developing the teachers of those children. And if a teacher will remain a lifelong learner it would be facilitate him/her to cater to the upcoming problems in the realm to teaching learning process and the demands of the upcoming generation. * In-service Growth and Teacher As professionals we still have a long way to go. Even now in in-service teacher education is seldom conceptualized in practice as the continuation of pre service preparation. Too frequently in service practices are characterized by an aggregate of incidental activities, sporadic in occurrence, lacking in productive purpose, unorganized in structure and unsynchronized within the framework of a school district’s total operation. Perhaps a staff does grow or improve through such activities; however, the evidence seems to indicate that the bird of chance wings high on the winds of such uncertainty. Programs or practices of in service teacher education which appear to be producing results of a promising and lasting character are those in which conscious effort is made to reduce the element of chance in the development of staff. At the practical as well as the therotical level, positive and directional growth is enhanced through a program of inservice teacher education which develops activities planned most carefully in terms of directional purposes, organizational structure, and operational processes which are synchronized and complementary. Conclusion Knowledge is no longer considered a commodity which only a subject expertise can provide. In the present scenario knowledge is something which individuals constructs and create from their own experience with the materials, ideas texts they have. Teachers of today and of preparation (pre-service teachers) have to construct themselves, reform themselves according to the teachers they actually have and develop themselves professionally according to the new and emerging ideas of the knowledge, learning and instruction in their own learning situations in their classrooms. This give a call to teachers to work and learn in a way in which they can compete efficiently, confidently and critically so that he can become efficient in true terms and targeted as a priority. Suggestions * To promote professional values and attitudes such as reflective practice, autonomous learning and collaboration. * To improve Practical teaching competencies. * To consider teaching as a profession and promote teaching as an attractive career; * to keep a balance between theory and practice; All beginning teachers, during their first years in the profession receive professional and personal support (‘induction’); * To engage themselves in regular reviews of their training needs and effective continuing professional development. * To develop and improve themselves as leaders for learning. This means that the role of the teacher in the year 2020 demands him to update and rehearse himself in a seamless continuum so that he has a assured quality. REFERENCES Ball, D. L. Cohen, D. K. (1999). Developing practice, developing practitioners: Toward a practice-based theory of professional education. Caroll, T. , Resta, P. (2010). Redefining teacher education for digital-age learners. Summit report from the Invitational Summit on Redefining Teacher Education for Digital-Age Learners. Retrieved from: http://redefineteachered. org/sites/default/files/SummitReport. pdf? q=summitreport Garoia,Valentina. (2012) . A closer look at the future of teachers’ profession in 2025. Retrieved from http://insight. eun. org/ww/en/pub/insight/thematic_dossiers/articles/learning_networks/2025. html. Lieberman, A. , ; Miller, L. (2000). Teaching and teacher development: A new synthesis for a new century. In R. S. Brandt How to cite A Vision of Teaching Profession in 2025, Essay examples

Grandfather Said by The Ethnographers free essay sample

The Ethnographers- an Indie-Rock band- have written some of the most poetic songs I have ever had the pleasure to listen to, including †Grandfather Said†. In this soothing and melodious mix of music and voice, the singers tell the story of life, and the natural cycle of death. The intro of the song starts with a boy talking to a leaf he finds. He asks it what it thinks of dying, and when it doesn’t answer, he picks it up. After realizing what’s going on, the leaf immediately tells him that what he’s doing is wrong, and that she wants to die in the Forest, not in his song. â€Å"I asked this leaf as she fell from a tree, I said What do you think of dying? and she said nothing back to me So I picked her up, and out of the dirt She said no, no, no, no, this is all wrong she said I belong in the forest, not as a line in one of your songs So I let go, and she fell to the earth I belong in the forest† In the next few lines, the vocalist tells us about his grandfather, who wonders if his grandson fears death. We will write a custom essay sample on Grandfather Said by The Ethnographers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Of course, after listening to the wise wisdom of the leaf, the young man says â€Å"no, It’s as natural as the setting sun.† In a turn of events, the grandfather walks into the setting sun, completing his journey. What a beautiful way to represent passing from one place to another, and a symbolic interpretation of sorrow; like the sun, everyone will die eventually, it’s a mournful cycle of light and dark, Life and Death. â€Å"This old man said do you fear death, son? I said, no, no, no, its just as natural as the setting sun He walked away, into the sunset to die I belong in the forest† After the Grandfather dies, the boy feels like he has to go through so many tests, and trials, and questions. He gets tired, and lets his words fail him at times. He resents falling asleep, and he doesn’t want to forget the pain he clings so desperately to. It’s the only emotion he feels, and yet he asks to drift off after so much struggle. â€Å"All these true and false fill in the blanks have been Making my eyes heavy and making my voice faint To spite my tired eyes, Im staying up all night Staying up all night, staying up all night Sing, sing, sing, sing me a lullaby Sing, sing, sing, sing me a lullaby Sing, sing, sing, sing me a lullaby to sleep A lullaby I belong in the forest Sing, sing, sing, sing me a lullaby Sing, sing, sing, sing me a lullaby Sing, sing, sing, sing me a lullaby to sleep† I feel like we can all gain some solace from this song, and realize that, like the setting sun, and the death of a leaf, we are all a tragically wonderful piece of nature.

Hamlet - The Real Tragedy Essays (901 words) - Characters In Hamlet

Hamlet - The "Real" Tragedy In Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, the death of a character becomes a frequent event. Although many people lose their lives as a result of their own self-centered wrong-doing, there are others whose death are a result of manipulation from the royalty. This is the case of Polonius' family. The real tragedy of Hamlet is not that of Hamlet or his family but of Polonius' family because their deaths were not the consequence of sinful actions of their own but rather by their innocent involvement in the schemes of Claudius and Hamlet. The first character to die in Hamlet is Polonius. Although Polonius often acts in a deceitful manner when dealing with Hamlet, it is only because he is carrying out plans devised by the king or queen to discover the nature of Hamlet's madness. Being the king's Lord Chamberlain, it is his duty to obey the king and queen's wishes and it is this loyalty that eventually proves to be fatal for him. An example of hoe Polonius' innocent involvement with the royalty results in his death can be found at the beginning of Act III, scene iv, when Hamlet stabs him while he is hiding behind the arras in Gertude's room. This shows how Polonius, a man unaware of the true nature of the situation he is in, is killed by a member of the royalty during the execution of one of their schemes. This makes Polonius' death a tragedy. The next member of Polonius' family to die is his daughter Ophelia. Ophelia's death is tragic because of her complete innocence in the situation. Some may argue that Polonius deserves his fate because of his deceitfulness in dealing with Hamlet while he is mad, but Ophelia is entirely manipulated and used by Hamlet and the king for their own selfish reasons. An example of how Ophelia is used by Hamlet takes place in Act II, scene I, when Hamlet uses her to convince his family he is mad. Ophelia explains to Polonius how Hamlet has scared her, causing Polonius to draw the conclusion that Hamlet has an "antic disposition". Although this is the subject to interpretation and many believe that this is simply Hamlet taking one last look at Ophelia before he becomes engaged in his plan to kill Claudius, the fact that he scares her and does not try to alleviate these fears points to the conclusion that he is simply using her to help word of his madness spread throughout the kingdom via Polonius. In Act III, scene iv, Hamlet kills Polonius while he is hiding behind the arras in the Queen's room. This event causes Ophelia to become insane and leads to her eventual death in a river near the castle in Act IV, scene vii. It can be seen how the combined scheming of Hamlet's scheme which brings about the death of Polonius which leads to Ophelia's death. The passing of Ophelia is a tragedy because she does nothing deserving of death, she is merely used for other people's personal gain. The last member of Polonius' family to die is Laertes, Ophelia's brother and Polonius's son. Laertes' death is tragic because, although he kills Hamlet, he is avenging his father's death, an act, with reference to the moral climate of the 1600s, that would have been condoned by the people who saw the play. The difference between Hamlet and Laertes is that Laertes does not use others to attain his goals and his revenge is in part due to the pressure put on him by Claudius. This makes Laertes' murder of Hamlet excusable and his death a tragedy. An example of how Claudius uses Laertes to try and murder Hamlet is seen in Act IV, scene vii. Claudius and Laertes are discussing Hamlet when Claudius says: Laertes, was your father dear to you? Or are you like painting of a sorrow, A face without a heart? He is asking Laertes whether he is really sorry about his father's death or if he is just acting mournful without feeling mournful. Claudius uses these lines to lead Laertes into a plan to kill Hamlet, asking him what will he do to prove his

#8220;Analytical Essay Sample on How Money at Work Is It a Source of Motivation #8220;

#8220;Analytical Essay Sample on How Money at Work Is It a Source of Motivation #8220; Is money an effective motivator at work? It is said that for a living food , shelter and clothes are needed. This is very true and for getting all this , money is need. At this point of time , money is required as much as oxygen for survival. Money is a great motivator at work. Disregarding the fact that money changes a persons character , money has become a part of our life. With money mostly all the things can be bought for enjoying life. At work , the money can be good motivator. We should not forget the reality that we all work for getting more and more money. Money can help an employee do the best out of him. For praising an employee , bonus can be given by the employer as a reward. This can be the best reward one can expect. The days are gone , when more money was considered bad. In this 21 st century , money is really needed for a living. At this time all one needs is money. It is needed by parents to feed their children or to feed himself. No matter what somebody does with th e money he gets from work , but everybody wants money. When a person uses money for his familys welfare ,he wants to help his family.The other condition can be that the money which he get from the work is used in partying. These both aspects are totally different but the similarity is that , money is needed for both of them regardless of the uses. When an employer gives a bonus to both of these employees , they both will be equally happy. As all they require is money.  Which is really true, otherwise the question that arises is What is the purpose of working then?. Only because we want money to fulfil our needs. If we are focused on our work and do our job as needed , we should only care about getting money. This is the only reason that , it is said that keep your family problems away from work. Instead it can be said that personal problems or conditions or  ideas (such as money is not everything) should be kept away from work. For those who argue that money is not everything or money is not needed for doing a good job ,can be questioned that why then are you working and why dont you sit idle in the house and laze around?. Money is the only reason for work and only money effects the work and not anything else(here is should be considered that volunteering is separate). No doubt that money has differentiated sections in society from rich to poor. But Money is the only reason that some of us are working as a chairman or manager in a company and some of us are working as a peon or a sweeper in the company. It is true that nobody will ever want to be a sweeper.Unless some body is really foolish. But for this job , if a nice amount of money is offered , then one may accept it. Well ,think of a situation where you are offered a job of a manager or of a sweeper with more income than the manager , which one would you choose For, the job of a sweeper with more income than the manager would be more profitable. It d oesnt matter with what you are working for. Your personality doesnt change with the type of work you do , as it is within you. For money , your fame should not matter. When you are getting more money , whats the problem There is nothing bad in working as sweeper with more income. †¦right. Hence money can make you do anything. For a workplace , the workers you work with shouldnt matter to you but the only thing that should matter is your  income, but this doesnt mean that you start fighting with your co-workers. Hence finally according to me , money is really important for work and also for happy being. In this world of science and technology , money is needed for almost everything which is needed for making one happy. For example , now-a-days , everyday , newer gadgets are flooding the market and people ,specially the present generation want these thing for various occasions such as passing an exam ,winning a competition etc. Earlier after passing an exam the gift asked by the children were blessings for the next time. Now as the time and situations have changed , they ask for some gadget or some prize. For giving them this money is needed by the parents or the guardian. Money does play an important role in our life but it also does effect badly for those who try to make money not in an honest way. They think , what am I going to get by working with an employer , so lets rob , steal †¦etc.. For this only reason , crime rate has gone up in the last few decades. Thus money does effect ones life in one way or the other and it will keep effecting our life throughout.It is indeed an effective motivator at work in this world.

Philosophy paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Philosophy paper - Essay Example Rousseau is of the view that general will is the sum of differences of specific individual interests. It is in the best interest of everyone e.g. personal interests are often benefited at the expense of other people’s collective interests. Therefore if this individuality is cancelled out entirely then all citizens within a society can enjoy freedom. By subjugating our desires for the betterment of nation, voluntarily embracing the society’s administration as our own, freedom can be achieved which will make us more rational and moral (Rousseau 26). Under the social contract, Rousseau is in favour of alienated totality of all rights within the society. By exchanging innate freedom with civil independence we are able to maintain equality between all members of society. When the community rights surpass individual rights a sovereign state comes into being. â€Å"Finally, each man, in giving himself to all, gives himself to nobody: and as there is no associate over which he does not acquire the same right as he yields others over himself, he gains an equivalent for everything he loses, and an increase of force for the preservation of what he has† (Rousseau 24). In his book, the social contract Rousseau envisages sovereign as a collective effort of all citizens. Through continued collaboration they form the state principles and general will for common good. According to him the government and sovereign are in constant friction that may result in a diminishing society but healthy nations never give up and last for ages to come e.g. the Roman realm. Everyone is free to practise their own beliefs in privacy but a public religion established by the state is preferred that favors active citizenship. In his ideology citizens are not forced but motivated to affirm to the community for their own mutual interest. His main aim is to seek how freedom can develop in a civil society in

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) Research Paper

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) - Research Paper Example This paper illustrates that EEOC is under the mandatory obligation to monitor compliance and enforcement of Title VII under Civil Rights Act, 1964 along with other federal civil rights. Civil Rights Act, 1964, Equal Pay Act of 1963 and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 are some such practices of EEOC that prohibit discrimination at workplace based on a range of factors age, nationality, ethnicity, gender, etc. Title VII of Civil Rights Act entails race, color, origin, gender, and religion as protected groups which show evidence of discrimination and the laws of EEOC are intended to protect employees and potential employees against discrimination. EEOC recommends that employees of all public-private firms are protected by federal laws against discrimination. In this regard, Title VII of Civil Rights Act, 1964 prohibits discrimination in terms of race, color, religion, sex or national origin in hiring, promoting, discharging, payment, fringe benefits, among other aspects of e mployment. The amended version of The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 protects employees, present and prospective, with disabilities in hiring, promoting, and other aspects of employment. For protecting discrimination based on an age of above 40 years who are the applicants or employees, The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 is handy to ensure equal opportunity. Also, Title VII of Civil Rights Act, 1964 and The Equal Pay Act of 1963 prohibit sex discrimination where women and men are paid different wages for the same work in the same organization. Further to this, all federal laws prohibit any retaliatory action by an employer in cases of filing of charges of discrimination by the employee, and it can amount to serious offense of the laws. Diversity at the workplace is practiced to ensure that individual differences are recognized and acknowledged to create an environment that is diverse and innovative, and which utilizes the contributions of the diverse backgroun ds of its employees. In the diverse workplace, EEO policies apply in addressing the disadvantaged groups prone to discrimination in terms of age, race, etc.

Main Responsibilities in the Nursing Profession Essay

Main Responsibilities in the Nursing Profession - Essay Example In 2008, the National Survey of Registered Nurses conducted research and found out that over 3 million nurses were registered. There are only 2.6 million nurses who have been employed out of the 3 million registered nurses. Out of these 2.6 million which is an equivalent of 84%, 50.0% are nurses prepared from Baccalaureate programs, 36.1% from Associate Degree programs while 13.9% were from Diploma Nursing Programs. The NCLEX-RN licensing examination is taken by those who are to be recognized as certified nurses. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation made a proposal in a report. This report on The Future of Nursing suggested that 50.0% of BSN should be increased to 80%. Many types of research have also been conducted, and the findings reported that BSN in most care centres has realized a reduced rate of mortality deaths. American Organization of Nurse Executives called for all nurses to undergo the Baccalaureate programs. This program is to make them competent enough to handle the challengi ng task ahead of their careers. The U.S Army requires nurses that are competent specifically with a degree in baccalaureate nursing so that these nurses can be given the position of a commissioned nurse. A study was conducted showing that a large number of people preferred nurses who were trained for the duration of four years and over. It is only fair that the life of a patient is entrusted on a competent nurse. This paper will explore the difference in competencies that are notable between associate-degree nurses and nurses who have been prepared at the Baccalaureate-degree level in nursing. Baccalaureate nursing program is inclusive of all the course work that is taught in diploma and associate degree level. The four-year training they go through is seen in the care they extend to patients. Baccalaureate nurses are taught on theoretical and practical aspects. These theories incorporate the various fields outside medicine. Nursing knowledge includes theories in humanities, science s, as well as, Biblical concepts.

Nestle Organizational Structure

Nestle Organizational Structure INTRODUCTION Nestle is a Swiss multinational nutritional and health-related consumer goods company headquartered in Vevey, Switzerland. It is the largest food company in the world. Nestles products include baby food, coffee, confectionery, bottled water, breakfast cereals, dairy products, ice cream, pet foods and snacks. 29 of Nestles brands have annual sales of over 1 billion CHF (about US$ 1.1 billion), including, Nescafe, Kit Kat, Nespresso, Smarties, Nesquik, Stouffers, Vittel, and Maggi. Nestle has around 450 factories in 86 countries, and employs around 328,000 people all around the world. It is one of the main stockholders of LOreal, the worlds largest cosmetics company. Nestle was formed in 1905 by the merger of the Anglo Swiss Milk Company, established in 1866 by brothers George Page and Charles Page. The company grew significantly during the First World War and again following the Second World War, increasing its offerings beyond its early condensed milk and infant formula products. The company has made a number of corporate acquisitions, including Crosse Blackwell in 1950, Findus in 1963, Libbys in 1971, Rowntree Mackintosh in 1988 and Gerber in 2007. In 2011, Nestle was listed Number one in the Fortune Global 500 as the worlds most profitable corporation. With a market capitalization of $ 200 billion, Nestle ranked Number 13 in the FT Global 2011. (Nestle2011) Henry Nestle (1814-1890) Nestle System and Organization Structure A companys organizational chart typically demonstrates relations between people within an organization. Such relations might include managers to sub-workers, directors to managing directors, chief executive officer to various departments, and so forth. When an organization chart grows too large it can be split into smaller charts for separate departments within the organization. The different types of organization charts include: Hierarchical Matrix Flat (also known as Horizontal) Nestle Company is a decentralized organization that is organized according to the matrix structure. Nestle as a decentralized organization permits to subordinate branches to enjoy a proportionately high-level of independence. Although it still makes major strategy decisions at the headquarter level, daily operations are left up to subordinate branches to derive and perform. The responsibility for operating decisions is push down to local units (Broeckx Hooijberg 2008). In organization structure, Complex system is a system that is comprises a large number of entities that display a high level of nonlinear interactivity. There are number of basic observations that have been made through the examination of complex systems, mainly using computer simulation and the mathematic of non-linearity. (Unden 2001) Complex systems are usually open systems. Nestle, over its long historical development from a small village operation to the worlds leading food Company, has illustrate an excellent capability to adjust to an ever-changing external environment, without losing its basic beliefs and core values, so important for long-term success. Over the years to come, this capability will continue to be challenge even more as Nestle is growing in size and complexity up to a dimension, which demands a continuous development of its organisation and of the way in which it run (Christopher Yannicrumar 2008). (D.Rigby 2009) Nestle Organization Chart In Organization chart, we can see that the management of Nestle is also divided into 3 types top-level management, middle level of management and low-level management. Top Level of Management: It contains of board of directors, chief executive or managing director. The top management is the final source of authority and it manages aims and policies for an initiative. It dedicates more time on planning and coordinating functions. The role of the top management can be summarized as follows: Top management broad policies of the enterprise and lays down the objectives. It issues necessary instructions for preparation of subdivision procedures, schedules, budgets, etc. It prepares strategic policies plans for the initiative. It appoints the executive for middle level for instance departmental managers. It coordinates controls the activities of all the departments. It is also responsible for maintaining a contact with the outside world. It provides direction and guidance. The top management is also responsible towards the stockholders for the performance of the initiative. Middle Level of Management The branch managers and departmental managers constitute middle level. They are responsible to the top management for the operative of their department. They devote more time to directional and organizational functions. Their role can be highlighted as: They execute the plans of the organization in accordance with the policies and directives of the top management. They make plans for the sub-units of the organization. They participate in training employment of lower level management. They understand and explain policies from top-level management to lower level. They are also responsible for inspiring lower level managers towards better performance. Lower Level of Management Lower level is also known as operative/supervisory level of management. It contains of supervisors, superintendent section, officers etc.. Their activities include Assigning of jobs and tasks to various workers. They instruct and guide workers for day-to-day activities. They are responsible for the quality as well as quantity of production. They are also entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining good relation in the organization. They communicate workers problems, suggestions, and recommendatory appeals etc to the higher level and higher-level goals and objectives to the workers. They help to solve the complaints of the workers. (Nestle 2012) Nestle System Methodology and Objectives Nestle objectives are to be known as a world leader in Nutrition, Wellness, Health, trusted by all its stakeholders and to be referenced for financial performance in its industry. The company believes that it is not just about size, it is also about behavior; and they recognized that trust is earned only over a long period of time by systemically delivering on their promises. These objective and behaviors are summarizing in the simple phrase: Good food, Good life, a phrase that sums up the company business aspiration. The Nestle road map is intended the create alignment for workers behind the unified set of strategic priorities that will hasten the achievement of company objectives. These objective demands from workers a mixture of long-term motivation needed to build for the future and short-term business actions, delivering the necessary level of performance. The Nestle model is securing the progress today and ensuring success in future: Achieving simplicity; Investment of growth; Scale benefits; Driving performance The Nestle road map includes three main parts: Competitive advantages Growth drivers Operational pillars (Hemingway 2002) All these may define with one clear and simple chart: http://www.nestle.lk/asset-library/PublishingImages/About%20us/roadmap_large.jpg (Nestle 2012) Nestle has its own company in many countries. The head office in Switzerland works very closely with them, and sets the overall strategy the overall strategy, which is managed through the strategic business units and management. Geographically, Nestle three zones (Europe; the Americas; Asia; Oceania; Africa and the Middle East) work closely with the local markets. Their primary role is that enablers, acting as the voice of the headquarters. All units and zones share Nestle vision so that everyone around the world understands the direction to take and how to get there with common tools, common values and strategic. This ensure that people in a the world know how to act, and that there is a very strong frameworks of clear references and value for fast and efficient decision-making. PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES IDENTIFICATION Nestle produces hundreds of products, has a global network of suppliers, and multiple selling channel and distribution. Therefore, to respond and predict in this rapidly changing in market demand condition is very difficult. When predicting a market demand, Nestle will need information to discover shifts in demand early so they could adjust for trends and send the right messages to the suppliers, shippers, and distribution centers before they are deluge with unwanted or defective goods or shortages. (Manhattan Associates. 2010) However, every company has its weakest links, so is Nestle. The weakest links are matters they are unable to control (Labs. 2010). Firstly, the most usual problem is the sources of supply of raw materials. This is due to an unexpected and sudden increase in demand, which will cause extreme supply shortages for merchandises that will result in major price increases. For example, bad natural disaster and bad weather have always been an issue affecting incoming raw materials. Secondly, the mistakenness of orders received in record. No company can ever achieve the requirement of zero imperfections especially in foods and beverages industry. For example, when the purchasing department of Nestle ordered 15,000 of mixed yoghurt from its dealer, but what the retailer received was only 12,000 of them, or on another case they might receive lacking records. Another example is, when Nestle tells its dealer that they needed extra orders of a particular product to be shipped right away because of unpredicted increase in demand, but in fact, the supplier may already has orders from other customers. This usually happen during special occasion. (Mashabale2012) Hence, in order to solve these problems, it is critical for Nestle to engage with multiple dealers or suppliers in that specific region, so they could purchase inventories from multiple dealers, which will definitely reduction the risk of shortage due to incontrollable situation. Besides, Nestle should also base on their purchase and demand planning on last couple of years of sales to estimate current year of supply and demand. Other than that, mutual trust and strong relationship with all the dealers are needed in order to raise the flexibility of material supply management, as well as to improve the bargaining power of Nestle. However, if there is a extra, Nestle may need to plan a promotion to clear their inventories, otherwise Nestle will meeting a great loss such as waste of warehouses space, paying high material handling cost, or inventories that are not sold became defective and may need to be disposed which no profit will earn. Therefore, when there is a big event organized s uch as big Carnival. Nestle will set up a booth at the carnival to sell its products, which are close to the expiry date at lower price such as Maggi products, Nescafe, yoghurt drinks, Milo, Nestle ice creams and so on. People often buy the products in big quantity because of the lesser price than the market price. As a result, Nestle could clear their inventories rather fast and save some space in the warehouses which is a win-win situation. Thirdly, although Nestle has a logistics department but it does not deal with transportation logistics. Nestle subcontracted its supply chain transport to the third-party logistics as Nestle tries to cut their supply chain costs and to concentrate more on their in-plant operations. Although Nestle does not have, a transportation logistics department but they do have a delivery team to cooperate with the third-party logistics in routing protocol. Nestle is using a Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), which is a simple and efficient routing protocol designed specifically for use in multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks of mobile nodes. The protocol is composed of the two main mechanisms of Route Discovery and Route Maintenance, which work together to allow nodes to discover and maintain routes on-demand to arbitrary destinations in the ad hoc network. (Maltz. 2003). Therefore, the delivery team is there to help Nestle and the third party Logistic that DSR is working as per company direction as w ell as DSR performance. Then, it is the poor partnership relationship between consumer and dealership. Dealers need these capabilities because they in close partnership with manufacturers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Nestle, are a connecting hub of services for the consumers, and other stakeholders. However, Nestle solved this problem by using the Dealer Management Systems (DMS) as well as their dealers. DMS is a software solution that provides tools for managing service, sales, parts and inventory management, integration, business management, and core architecture. DMS help manufacturers and dealers create integrated marketing movements to offer inventory to goal markets. This will integrate innovations into traditional in-store sales and service processes and offer technologies for non-traditional merchandising, service and sales strategies through alternative channels for consumer engagement in-vehicle, via Web, or by phone. (Microsoft Corporation. 2008) RECOMANDATIONS FOR PLOBLEMS Afterward the reviews stated above, those were not the only solutions that are available. Nestle could acquire the inventories from the other outlets from the other region Instead of just finding or having multiple suppliers. Because some regions have different demographics, for example, race. If there is a surplus, and unable to clear the inventories at a short time, Nestle could consider donation for short-run purpose, this could help to clear the old stocks, as well as to help Nestle could use both manual and automation system in managing service, sales, and others. This is because one cannot trust wholly to a machine, as it may not be documenting the steps in its own processor. Because some steps cannot be automated and may require operator intervention to stop the escapement processing steps, even though adapting advanced technologies could help saving cost as labor cost is decrease, but if there are still problems occur, it will affect the business such as loss of customers because of the mistake. Consequently, Nestle must update the system software regularly and full utilization of available technology as well as the manual operators, which will effectively increase the efficiency and dependability of the supply chain systems. (Tallin2011) Nestle 2011, Strategy inaction, Nestle, Viewed 30th March 2013, Broeckx,P Hooijberg,R 2008,Perspective for managers, Nestle On The Move,no 158,24th March 2013, RMIT Christopher, L Yannicrumar, H 2008, New Concepts and Trends in International RD Organization, New Concepts and Trends in International RD Organization, illustrated by the example of NestlÃÆ' ©, Hahn, A 2007, Formalization in organization, Article Gratuits, Viewed 24th March 2013, Studymode 2011, Nestle Organization Structure, Viewed 30th March 2013, http://www.studymode.com/essays/Nestle-s-Organizational-Structure-1303923.html> The official board2011, Nestle, Viewed 9 April 2013, Hemingway 2002, The Nestle sustainability review, Nestle S.A, Public Affair .8th April 2013, Neslte.uk Manhattan Associate2010, Planning and forecasting: Anticipate and Respond to Changes in Demand, viewed 9th April2013, Labs2010, Supply Chain Efficiency Starts at the Top, Food Engineering, Viewed 9th April2013, Mashabale2012, Nestle, Viewed 1th April 2013, Microsoft Corporation2008, Microsoft Offers the Dealer Management Solution, viewed 9th April2013, Maltz2003, The Dynamic Source Routing Protocol, Viewed 10th April2013, Tallin2011, Nestle worldwide, Tallinn university of technology , Viewed 10th April 2013,

Immunitarian Democracy :: Democracy Politics Community

Immunitarian Democracy 1. Does "community" refer to democracy? If not, could it or is it too deeply embedded in the conceptual lexicon of the Romantic, authoritarian and racist Right? This is the question, one already asked by American neo-communitarianism, that is emerging again in Europe at the precise moment when, some, especially in France and in Italy, are risking thinking community anew. At issue is not only a legitimate question, but in some ways even an inevitable one, in which democractic culture deeply examines its own theoretical precepts and future. This doesn't change the fact though that it's the wrong question or that it's badly put. Wrong or badly put because it takes as its term of comparison -- in order to be related to the category of community - a concept, that of democracy that is utterly incapable of "understanding" it, not only because its modern meaning at least, arrives much later, but also because it is flatter and increasingly overwhelmed in a dimension that is entirely political and institutional. With respect to this lack of depth and substance of the politicological notion of democracy, community has a very different semantic width, both on the vertical level of history and on the synchronic one of meaning. This isn't the place to attempt a complete reconstruction, though my recent research beginning with the etymological origins of the term communitas and even more before that of munus in Latin does confirm the historical and semantic richness of the concept (R. Esposito, 1998). What we can infer from the above discussion, however, is that the correct question isn't whether the community can become a part of the democratic lexicon, but whether even democracy can be a part or at a minimum acquire some of its meaning in the lexicon of community. Without wanting to show my hand too quickly, a first step is required, which focuses more on the second term. Here we aren't helped at all by the conceptual dichotomies with which 20th century philosophy has tried to define comm unity, one that lost along the way the original meaning of community. I'm not talking only of the one constructed by the so-called American communitarians with respect to their presumed adversaries, the liberals, who constitute rather their exact interface in the specific sense that they unconsciously share the same subjectivist as well as exclusively partisan lexicon, applied not to the community but to the individual (where communities like individuals are distinguished between them, one from the other).